I've noticed that bad questions from newcomers often not only get closed quickly, but get downvoted. The downvoting often happens after the question is closed. Helping some of them with chat, I've noticed that it's very easy for these downvotes to lock out a newcomer, preventing them from asking new questions, even after we've helped them understand what a good question looks like.
Per the help documentation, they're supposed to refine their existing question instead. But refining it enough to not only be "okay," but worthy of upvotes is excruciating. Doubly so because the algorithms quickly bury closed questions.
What can we tell newcomers to encourage them to be good Physics.SE citizens after making a mistake? How can we help them get their standing back so that they can start asking good questions. The only answer I have been able to find is "wait 6 months, and the algorithm unblocks you." I doubt anyone has ever waited; we're not the only player in the game.
The best answer is probably to answer other's questions, but in most cases of these close/downvote patterns I've seen, they often do not have the physics background to farm enough rep to ask questions again.