I think the most important thing to do after getting a comment which suggests that your question is a Possible duplicate of some other question, is to explain prominently in your question why you think it is not a duplicate. It is important to do this as soon as possible, before votes accumulate, and certainly before the question is put on hold. Reopening is very much less likely.
Posting your reasons in a comment is not as effective as posting them in your question. When I review a question for reopening I rarely consider more than the edits made to the question after it was closed. (This is inconsistent of me, because I post a comment when I nominate a question for reopening.) I review comments before casting a closing vote.
Posting a comment pinging the user who voted against your question as a duplicate is more effective than posting a general comment. Again it is important to act quickly before votes start accumulating. Much as we like to think we vote independently, we are more likely to cast closing votes when we see that others have already done so.
I also have an inbuilt bias against reopening questions; I think most reviewers would admit to having the same bias. To have any kind of a chance I think you must make a convincing argument. It is not enough to say that the answers in the other question were not helpful or that you could not understand them. You must explain in what way they fail to satisfy you.
Neither (in my opinion) is it enough to say that the two questions focus on different aspects. The issue is whether or not one of the answers to the other question answers the aspect you are focussing on. It often happens that an answer is more general than the question asked, so it might cover your case also.
You might pre-empt votes to close your question as a duplicate by citing similar questions and explaining what is different about your question. If you cite possible duplicates, reviewers are less likely to search for them. However, this can also be a liability, inviting your question to be marked as a duplicate if you do not make a good argument for it being different or the other answers failing to answer your question.
As a last resort, if your question is not reopened and you are convinced that you have a good case, you can post a question in Physics Meta asking why your question has been closed. The discussion might persuade voters that your question ought to be reopened.